The Difference Between Legal Separation and Divorce

Occasionally, people will assume a divorce and a legal separation are the same thing. However, there are some key differences to be aware of. Understanding the pros and cons of both will allow you to determine which one is best for your particular marital situation.

The Main Difference

With a divorce, the marriage and any community property and debt interests end. With legal separations, the marriage continues but any community property and debt interests end. Both of these are different from a trial separation, which is where the two spouses live apart, but there is no legal contract entered into (for example, a postnuptial agreement) nor court proceedings.

Reasons to Legally Separate

There are several reasons why a married couple would prefer legal separation over a divorce. For starters, the two people may be unsure if they truly want to go through with a divorce. A separation can give each person time to be apart and decide if divorce is the best option.

Some people may oppose divorce for religious reasons. They may not want to completely divorce, but one person simply cannot live with the other. A separation keeps the spouses apart while ensuring both of their assets and other financial interests are protected.

Benefits of Legally Separating

It can be tough to determine if you should go through with a separation or head straight to divorce. Legal separation does offer some benefits, and they are worth considering before you pursue one option over the other.

  • You may want to live separately from your spouse but your spouse’s health insurance provider will allow you to maintain health benefits under his/her insurance.
  • You may be worried your spouse will run up debt during the divorce process and want to limit your legal obligation.
  • You may want to take advantage of Social Security benefits that kick in after 10 years of marriage and need a separation to get past that 10-year mark.
  • You may want to continue filing jointly on your taxes.

Each couple is different. Legal separation may be a good thing to consider initially. However, if you know for a fact you do not want to reconcile with your spouse and are not interested in the benefits, then a divorce will be the way to go.

About Oliver Ross

Oliver Ross, JD*, PhD founded Out-of-Court Solutions Inc. in 1995 and since then has mediated over 3,000 divorce and family matters. He is a select member of the Maricopa Superior Court Family Mediation roster